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Does Fear of Falling Influence Spatial and Temporal Gait Parameters in Elderly Persons Beyond Changes Associated With Normal Aging?

School of Physical Therapy, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon.

Address correspondence to Sheryl L. Sanders, PhD, School of Physical Therapy, Pacific University, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116. E-mail: sanderss{at}pacificu.edu

Background. Limited research exists on fear of falling and its affect on gait parameters. Studies have shown a relationship between fear of falling and restriction of activities. The purpose of this study was to determine if a fear of falling in elderly persons was associated with changes in spatial and temporal gait parameters, independent of a history of falls. It was hypothesized that, in elderly persons, gait changes would be associated with a preexisting fear of falling.

Methods. Ninety-five community-dwelling adults, aged 60–97 years (mean age = 74, standard deviation = 8.5) participated in this study. Participant scores on the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale determined an individual's placement into the "fearful" or "fearless" category. Spatial and temporal gait parameters of speed, stride length, step width, and double limb support time were assessed using the GAITRite system, a computerized electronic walkway.

Results. The fearful group had a significantly slower gait speed (p <.05) and shorter stride length (p <.05) when compared to the fearless group. Stride width was significantly longer (p =.05) and double limb support time was significantly prolonged (p <.05) in the fearful participants when measured against the fearless participants.

Conclusions. The results of this study support the hypothesis that fear of falling does influence spatial and temporal gait parameter changes in elderly persons. Slower gait speed, shorter stride length, increased stride width, and prolonged double limb support time were found to be associated with a preexisting fear of falling.