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Physiologic Effects of Lowering Caloric Intake in Nonhuman Primates and Nonobese Humans

^a Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
^b Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital, New York City
^c Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
^d Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
^e Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
^f Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
^g Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

Susan B. Roberts, Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111 E-mail: sroberts{at}hnrc.tufts.edu.

Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the rate of aging and increases life span in all small animal species studied to date, but the effects of CR in humans remain uncertain. This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of CR in nonhuman primates and humans. The results suggest that CR has a range of beneficial effects in nonhuman primates studied under laboratory conditions, and short-term markers of CR seen in animal models appear to occur in humans subject to CR also. However, the overall benefit of CR in human populations remains to be established, and studies in human populations are needed.

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