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a Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, CE.M.I., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
b Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
c Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Claudio Pedone, Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University, 171 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912 E-mail: Claudio_Pedone{at}Brown.edu.
Decision Editor: John E. Morley, MB, BCh
Background. The choice of administering digitalis to older patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) cannot be made on the account of univocally defined criteria because of uncertainty about efficacy and concern about safety of digitalis in this population. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the clinical characteristics on admission to the acute care hospital determine the use of digitalis therapy in elderly patients.
Methods. A total of 1239 patients (mean age 77.8 ± 7.1 years, range 65–100 years, males 49.8%) consecutively admitted to 69 General Medicine and Geriatrics wards over a 4-month period were grouped by combining two dichotomous factors (Carlson's score >4: definite or possible diagnosis of CHF; Carlson's score <5: unlikely diagnosis of CHF; in-hospital adoption of digitalis therapy: yes or no) as follows: Group A: Carlson's score >4, digitalis (n = 413); Group B: Carlson's score >4, no digitalis (n = 260); Group C: Carlson's score <5, digitalis (n = 104); Group D: Carlson's score <5, no digitalis (n = 462). Variables significantly distinguishing groups were entered into a discriminant analysis aimed at assessing the group specificity of individual clinical profiles.
Results. Use of digoxin at home, atrial fibrillation, older age, and comorbidity (mainly COPD and chronic renal failure) characterized most of the patients given digoxin with or without a definite diagnosis of CHF. Clinical profiles of groups A, B, and C largely overlapped.
Conclusion. Age, historical use of digitalis, and comorbidity might lead to seemingly incongruous digitalis prescription. The choice of adopting digitalis therapy cannot be reliably predicted on the basis of clinical variables only. Presently unexplored physician-related factors, such as cultural background, likely outweigh clinical variables in prompting digitalis prescription.
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  G. Zuccala, G. Onder, E. Marzetti, M. R. L. Monaco, M. Cesari, A. Cocchi, P. Carbonin, R. Bernabei, and for the GIFA Study Group Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and variations in cognitive performance among patients with heart failure Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2005; 26(3): 226 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Ahmed, R. M. Allman, and J. F. DeLong Inappropriate Use of Digoxin in Older Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2002; 57(2): M138 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. E. Morley Editorial: Drugs, Aging, and the Future J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2002; 57(1): M2 - 6. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. Zuccala, G. Onder, C. Pedone, L. Carosella, M. Pahor, R. Bernabei, and A. Cocchi Hypotension and cognitive impairment: Selective association in patients with heart failure Neurology, December 11, 2001; 57(11): 1986 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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