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1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and 2 Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Address correspondence to Bret H. Goodpaster, PhD, University of Pittsburgh, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH N807, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. E-mail: goodpaster{at}dom.pitt.edu
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are implicated with age-related loss of function and insulin resistance. We examined the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondria in older (age = 67.3 ± 0.6 years) men (n = 5) and women (n = 3). Similar increases in (p <.01) cardiolipin (88.2 ± 9.0 to 130.6 ± 7.5 µg/mU creatine kinase activity [CK]) and the total mitochondrial DNA (1264 ± 170 to 1895 ± 273 copies per diploid of nuclear genome) reflected increased mitochondria content. Succinate oxidase activity, complexes 2–4 of the electron transport chain (ETC), increased from 0.13 ± 0.02 to 0.20 ± 0.02 U/mU CK (p <.01). This improvement was more pronounced (p <.05) in subsarcolemmal (127 ± 48%) compared to intermyofibrillar (56 ± 12%) mitochondria. NADH oxidase activity, representing total ETC activity, increased from 0.51 ± 0.09 to 1.00 ± 0.09 U/mU CK (p <.01). In conclusion, exercise enhances mitochondria ETC activity in older human skeletal muscle, particularly in subsarcolemmal mitochondria, which is likely related to the concomitant increases in mitochondrial biogenesis.
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