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Gender Differences in Resistance-Training-Induced Myofiber Hypertrophy Among Older Adults

¹ Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama.
Departments of ² Physiology and Biophysics
³ Human Studies
⁴ Nutrition Sciences
⁵ Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.
⁶ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California—Irvine.

We tested the hypothesis that older men (n = 9, 69 ± 2 years) would experience greater resistance-training-induced myofiber hypertrophy than older women (n = 5, 66 ± 1 years) following knee extensor training 3 days per week at 65–80% of one-repetition maximum for 26 weeks. Vastus lateralis biopsies were analyzed for myofiber areas, myosin heavy chain isoform distribution, and levels of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGFR1, and myogenin. Gender x Training interactions (p <.05) indicate greater myofiber hypertrophy for all three primary fiber types (I, IIa, IIx) and enhanced one-repetition maximum strength gain in men compared with women (p <.05). Covarying for serum IGF-1, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or each muscle mRNA did not negate these interactions. In both genders, type IIx myofiber area distribution and myosin heavy chain type IIx distribution decreased with a concomitant increase in type IIa myofiber area distribution (p <.05). In summary, gender differences in load-induced myofiber hypertrophy among older adults cannot be explained by levels of circulating IGF-1 or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or by expression of the myogenic transcripts examined.

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