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The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 55:M221-M231 (2000)
© 2000 The Gerontological Society of America

Lower Extremity Function and Subsequent Disability

Consistency Across Studies, Predictive Models, and Value of Gait Speed Alone Compared With the Short Physical Performance Battery

Jack M. Guralnika, Luigi Ferruccia,b, Carl F. Pieperc, Suzanne G. Leveillea, Kyriakos S. Markidesd, Glenn V. Ostird, Stephanie Studenskie, Lisa F. Berkmanf and Robert B. Wallaceg

a Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
b Geriatric Department, National Institute for Research and Care of the Elderly (INRCA), Florence, Italy
c Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
d Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Center on Aging, Galveston, Texas
e Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
f Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
g Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City

Jack M. Guralnik, Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Gateway Building, Suite 3C-309, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-9205 E-mail: jg48s{at}nih.gov.

Decision Editor: William B. Ershler, MD

Background. Although it has been demonstrated that physical performance measures predict incident disability in previously nondisabled older persons, the available data have not been fully developed to create usable methods for determining risk profiles in community-dwelling populations. Using several populations and different follow-up periods, this study replicates previous findings by using the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) performance battery and provides equations for the prediction of disability risk according to age, sex, and level of performance.

Methods. Tests of balance, time to walk 8 ft, and time to rise from a chair 5 times were administered to 4,588 initially nondisabled persons in the four sites of the EPESE and to 1,946 initially nondisabled persons in the Hispanic EPESE. Follow-up assessment for activity of daily living (ADL) and mobility-related disability occurred from 1 to 6 years later.

Results. In the EPESE, compared with those with the best performance (EPESE summary performance score of 10–12), the relative risks of mobility-related disability for those with scores of 4–6 ranged from 2.9 to 4.9 and the relative risk of disability for those with scores of 7–9 ranged from 1.5 to 2.1, with similar consistent results for ADL disability. The observed rates of incident disability according to performance level in the Hispanic EPESE agreed closely with rates predicted from models developed from the EPESE sites. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that gait speed alone performed almost as well as the full battery in predicting incident disability.

Conclusions. Performance tests of lower extremity function accurately predict disability across diverse populations. Equations derived from models using both the summary score and the gait speed alone allow for the estimation of risk of disability in community-dwelling populations and provide valuable information for estimating sample size for clinical trials of disability prevention.




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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ptjournalHome page
J. S Brach and J. M VanSwearingen
Physical Impairment and Disability: Relationship to Performance of Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Physical Therapy, August 1, 2002; 82(8): 752 - 761.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ptjournalHome page
A. Shumway-Cook, A. E Patla, A. Stewart, L. Ferrucci, M. A Ciol, and J. M Guralnik
Environmental Demands Associated With Community Mobility in Older Adults With and Without Mobility Disabilities
Physical Therapy, July 1, 2002; 82(7): 670 - 681.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. M. McDermott, P. Greenland, K. Liu, J. M. Guralnik, L. Celic, M. H. Criqui, C. Chan, G. J. Martin, J. Schneider, W. H. Pearce, et al.
The Ankle Brachial Index Is Associated with Leg Function and Physical Activity: The Walking and Leg Circulation Study
Ann Intern Med, June 18, 2002; 136(12): 873 - 883.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
G. Onder, B. W.J.H. Penninx, P. Lapuerta, L. P. Fried, G. V. Ostir, J. M. Guralnik, and M. Pahor
Change in Physical Performance Over Time in Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., May 1, 2002; 57(5): M289 - 293.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
D. R. Thomas
The Critical Link Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Age-Related Changes in Physical Activity and Nutrition
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2001; 56(10): M599 - 602.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
K. S. Markides, S. A. Black, G. V. Ostir, R. J. Angel, J. M. Guralnik, and M. Lichtenstein
Lower Body Function and Mortality in Mexican American Elderly People
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2001; 56(4): 243M - 247.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 NeurologyHome page
W.T. Longstreth Jr., C. Bernick, A. Fitzpatrick, M. Cushman, L. Knepper, J. Lima, and C.D. Furberg
Frequency and predictors of stroke death in 5,888 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Neurology, February 13, 2001; 56(3): 368 - 375.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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